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Text extracted from opening pages of book: Electric Railways THEORETICALLY AND % PRACTICALLY TREATED BY SYDNEY W. ASHE, B. S. DEPARTMENT OF ELKCTR1CAL ENGINEERING, POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE OF BROOKLYN. I. ATE INSTRUCTOR IN ELECTRIC TRACTION FOR THE BROOKLYN RAPID TRANSIT CO. ASSOCIATE MEMBER AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS J. D. KF. ILEY ASSISTANT ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, N. Y. C. & II. R. R. R. NEW YORK D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY LONDON ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND COMPANY, Ltd. COPYRIGHT, 1905, BY D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY Stanbope press P. H . O I L O N C O M P - . BOSTON. U. S. A. PREFACE. THE absence of a modern text-book on electric rail ways embodying th^ jreeerft* developments in electric trac tion has led the authors to prepare this volume. Their aim has been to treat the subject from a theoretical as well as from a practical standpoint, so as to produce a book which could be used as a text in Technical Institu tions as well as a general engineering reference book for those interested in railway problems. With this object in view, the use of calculus has been avoided, the differential coefficient being employed but occasionally. Where cal culus methods appear, the same formulae are expressed in addition in algebraic form. Realizing the extent of the traction field and the* gfeat demand for information concerning rolling stock, the vol ume has been restricted to that part of the subject. Opportunity is hereby taken to acknowledge as sources of much information the Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and particularly the papers of Messrs. Maillotix, Armstrong, Scott, Potter, Arnold, and Lamme. The thanks of the authors are especially due to Dr. Samuel Sheldon, for many valuable suggestions, ' and to Mr. Walter I. Tamlyn of the Brooklyn Polytechnic Insti tute, for assistance in proof-reading. CONTENTS. I. UNITS. CURVE PLOTTING. INSTRUMENTS .... i II. ANALYSIS OF TRAIN PERFORMANCE: 13 III. TRAIN RECORDING AND INDICATING INSTRUMENTS . 47 IV. DIRECT CURRENT SERIES RAILWAY MOTOR .... 61 V. ALTERNATING CURRENT SINGLE PHASE MOTORS . . 86 VI. TYPES OF CONTROL AND THEIR OPERATION .... 102 VII. CAR BODIES . . 165 VIII. TRUCKS 188 IX. BRAKES AND BRAKING 204 X. ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES 252 XI. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS 265 ELECTRIC RAILWAYS. THEORETICALLY AND PRACTICALLY TREATED. CHAPTKR I. UNITS. CURVE PLOTTING. INSTRUMENTS. Velocity is defined as the rate of change of position of a body. Acceleration indicates the rate of change of velocity. The acceleration due to gravity is usually taken as equal to 32.2 feet per second, per second. Force is that which tends to change, alter, or destroy motion. It is equal to the product of the mass, m, of a body into its acceleration, A. F = m A. The units of force are the pound and the dyne. The dyne equals such a force as will accelerate one gram one centi meter per second. Work is equivalent to the product of force into the dis. tance through which it is exerted. The units of work are the erg and the foot pound. Exerting a force of one 2 ELECTRIC RAILWAYS. pound over a distance of one foot represents one foot pound. A force of one dyne acting through a distance of one centimeter is equivalent to one erg. One joule equals io 7 ergs. Energy is the ability to' perform work. It may be of two kinds; energy of position, termed potential energy, or energy of motion, termed kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is represented in terms of weight, velocity, and gravity, as follows : Wv* Wv* Kinetic energy = - = -^ - Power is the rate of performance of work. The mechan ical unit is the horse-power representing an expenditure of 550 foot-lbs. per second. The electrical unit is the watt equivalent to io 7 ergs per second. ( 746 watts = I h. p.) Electrical Units. The absolute C. G. S. units of elec tricity include the units of pressure e, current strength t, and resistance r. These units bear a fixed relation to more practical or commercial units ; for instance, pressure as indicated in volts = i.
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Citation Details
Title: Eco friendly coffee roasting--wishful thinking or new reality? By going "Green," roasters can, theoretically reduce their environmental impact, carbon footprint, slow global warming and distance themselves from "commodity" roasters ... but how?(Green Roasting)
Author: Joel Starr
Publication:Tea & Coffee Trade Journal (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 179 Issue: 9 Page: 30(3)

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
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