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The struggle over the issue of "lay" or nonmedical analysis has divided the psychoanalytic world for practically the entire first century of psychoanalytic history - from 1910, when the issue first arose, until 1988, with the final settlement of a lawsuit brought against the American Psychoanalytic Association (APsaA) and International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) for their exclusionary practices regarding the training of nonphysicians for psychoanalytic work.

Lay Analysis: Life Inside the Controversy chronicles this history in absorbing detail. It begins with the events of 1910 in Europe and America that initiated their divergent attitudes and policies regarding lay analysis, proceeds to the unfolding struggles over this issue on both sides of the Atlantic, and reviews the halting efforts of the APsaA, beginning in the 1950s, to reassess its opposition to lay analysis and make some provision for the training of nonmedical practitioners. Wallerstein's illuminating treatment of the response of American nonphysician therapists to the APsaA's policy - the manner in which they managed to obtain clinical psychoanalytic training despite the APsaA's prohibition - forms a fascinating story within his grand narrative.

The book culminates in a comprehensive review of the lawsuit of March 1985 in which four clinical psychologists, representing a stated class of several thousand colleagues and fully supported by the American Psychological Association, brought suit against the APsaA and IPA, hoping in this way to force a change in the APsaA's policies regarding the training of lay practitioners. Wallerstein, who was President of the IPA from 1985 to 1989 and therefore a named defendant in the lawsuit, brings a uniquely inside vantage point to bear on the events that followed. Drawing on the voluminous documentation to which he had full access - memoranda, correspondence, depositions, legal briefs, and phone conversations - he reviews the three-and-a-half-year history of the lawsuit, including the IPA's efforts to serve as honest broker between the psychologist plaintiffs and the APsaA. Wallerstein does not end the story with the delicate negotiations culminating in settlement of the lawsuit in October 1988. He concludes his narrative with a measured and thoughtful assessment of the impact of the settlement on psychoanalysis today: the changes it has brought about within organized psychoanalysis and the meaning of those changes for psychoanalysis as a discipline.

Wallerstein leaves no stone unturned as he works his way through the personalities, events, and ideas comprising the 90-year history of the lay analysis controversy. Given his comprehensive scholarship, his admirable even-handedness, and his unique participatory role in the lay analysis controversy over the course of his career, it is unsurprising that Lay Analysis: Life Inside the Controversy should achieve distinction in many ways: as a major contribution to the institutional history of psychoanalysis, a powerful recounting of the ways in which political and cultural imperatives enter into the development of a profession, and an absorbing chronicle of the way psychoanalysts, from Freud on, have struggled to achieve an identity consonant with the demanding and often perplexing nature of their work..
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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The commonly used approach for building a structure-activity/property relationship consists of three steps. First, one determines the descriptors for the molecular structure, then builds a metamodel by using some proper mathematical methods, and finally evaluates the meta-model. Some existing methods only can select important variables from the candidates, while most metamodels just explore linear relationships between inputs and outputs. Some techniques are useful to build more complicated relationship, but they may not be able to select important variables from a large number of variables. In this paper, we propose to screen important variables by the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) variable selection procedure, and then apply Kriging model and empirical Kriging model for quantitative structure-activity/property relationship (QSAR/QSPR) research based on the selected important variables. We demonstrate the proposed procedure retains the virtues of both variable selection and Kriging model. .
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Between 1883 and 1909 a team of scholars led by Hermann Diels produced 15,000 pages of edited text of commentaries on Aristotle in Greek from the 2nd to the 13th Century AD; in most cases the first critical editions of these texts, and the first editions printed since the Renaissance. The 23 volumes (in 51 original fascicles) constitute a fundamental resource for the interpretation of Aristotle's own texts, for the history of that interpretation and for the history of ancient philosophy generally - both in the periods from which they themselves derive and by their frequent references to earlier thinkers. The texts also provide evidence for the development of Greek usage in late antiquity, and are of major importance for the transmission of ancient philosophy to the Islamic world, to medieval Europe, and to the renaissance..
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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A method for determination of Mg, Ti and Cl in Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry was developed. For comparative reasons, Ti was determined by spectrophotometry, Mg by complexometry and Cl by argentometric titration. Direct pressing was shown to be unsuitable for sample preparation due to catalyst decomposition. For Ti and Mg measurements, catalyst samples were calcinated at 1000^oC and pressed at 275MPa. Their determination by the fundamental parameters based on the Ti Ka line measurement was shown to be equivalent to those results obtained by univariate calibration or by the classical methods. Cl was determined by aqueous extraction, followed by deposition on a support. Chloride loss was observed. Fixation of Cl as AgCl on polytetrafluoroethylene (FHLC) millipore membrane afforded the best results. Nevertheless, measurements by WDXRF were shown to be inferior to those obtained by argentometric titration. .
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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The radium-226 (t"1"/"2=1622 years) content of highly alkaline well water collected from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was measured by double focusing sector-field inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) after separation of the radium from other alkaline earth elements using a newly developed procedure. The results were comparable with those obtained by @a-spectrometry for samples with concentrations ranging from 6.75 to 459pg/L (0.25 to 17Bq/L). Instrumental sensitivity on matrix-free samples was compared for two sample introduction systems, i.e. an Apex-Q high sensitivity system and a concentric nebulizer. A 12-fold improvement in sensitivity (instrumental detection limit=1.5pg/L or 55mBq/L) was found when the Apex-Q system was used. Two chromatographic methods were tested for the sequential separation of the alkaline earth elements contained in the well water samples in order to reduce matrix and polyatomic interference effects. Optimal elution parameters were determined and used for the separation and pre-concentration of Ra-226 in those samples. A method detection limit of 0.189pg/L (7mBq/L), which corresponds to a mass of 0.38fg of Ra-226 in the sample, was achieved. Only 2mL of sample is necessary when a combination of 50W-X8 and Sr*Spec resin, which are reusable, are utilized for the separation. This new analytical protocol significantly reduces sample preparation time resulting in a throughput rate of approximately 20 samples in only 8h; faster than the other published extraction procedures. .
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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Among the transuranic elements present in the environment, plutonium isotopes are mainly attached to particles, and therefore they present a great interest for the study and modelling of particle transport in the marine environment. Except in the close vicinity of industrial sources, plutonium concentration in marine sediments is very low (from 10^-^4ngkg^-^1 for ^2^4^1Pu to 10ngkg^-^1 for ^2^3^9Pu), and therefore the measurement of ^2^3^8Pu, ^2^3^9Pu, ^2^4^0Pu, ^2^4^1Pu and ^2^4^2Pu in sediments at such concentration level requires the use of very sensitive techniques. Moreover, sediment matrix contains huge amounts of mineral species, uranium and organic substances that must be removed before the determination of plutonium isotopes. Hence, an efficient sample preparation step is necessary prior to analysis. Within this work, a chemical procedure for the extraction, purification and pre-concentration of plutonium from marine sediments prior to sector-field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS) analysis has been optimized. The analytical method developed yields a pre-concentrated solution of plutonium from which ^2^3^8U and ^2^4^1Am have been removed, and which is suitable for the direct and simultaneous measurement of ^2^3^9Pu, ^2^4^0Pu, ^2^4^1Pu and ^2^4^2Pu by SF-ICP-MS. .
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This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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^2^1^0Pb (t"1"/"2=22.26 years) is one of the most difficult naturally occurring radionuclides to analyze directly via radiometric measurement due to its low-energy radioactive decay. In this work, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was investigated as a possible alternative to radiometric counting for the determination of ^2^1^0Pb. The formation of isobaric and polyatomic (molecular) interferences was studied and various strategies (i.e. co-precipitation, extraction chromatography, and derivatization) were tested to assess their usefulness in reducing these interferences. In addition, the potential of these strategies as pre-concentration methods was demonstrated. A ^2^1^0Pb pre-concentration of >300-fold and recoveries of 63-73% were obtained using a combined co-precipitation and extraction chromatography protocol followed by derivatization using an ethylating reagent. The abundance sensitivity at m/z=210 in the presence of stable Pb was also investigated for three types of mass spectrometers (sector-field (ICP-SFMS), quadrupole-based (ICP-QMS), and quadrupole-based with a dynamic reaction cell (ICP-QMS (DRC))). Finally, the method was applied to determine ^2^1^0Pb in water samples and a detection limit of 90mBqL^-^1 (10pgL^-^1) was obtained. .
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